He aha hou aʻe e hiki ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ke hana ma ka Hikina Waena?

Ua hoʻopilikia nui ka hakakā ma ka Hikina Waena i nā pilina ikehu honua.

Ma ka lā 4 o Malaki, ka manawa kūloko, ua komo nā hoʻouka kaua koa i hoʻomaka ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻIseraʻela e kūʻē iā Iran i ko lākou lā ʻelima. Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka haunaele ma Iran, ua laha ka hakakā i kekahi mau ʻāina Hikina Waena.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ke ahiahi o Malaki 3, manawa kūloko, ua puka mai ke ahi nui a piʻi aʻe ka uahi mānoanoa ma kahi kokoke i ka US Consulate ma Dubai, UAE. Ua ʻōlelo nā luna o Dubai ma Malaki 3, ua puka mai ke ahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i ka US Consulate ma Dubai ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kahi drone.

Ma mua, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ke kaua kūloko, ʻo ka hōkele ʻehiku hōkū wale nō o ka honua, ʻo Burj Al Arab, ua pā ʻia e nā ʻōpala drone i kahi hoʻouka kaua ea, e hoʻoulu ana i ke ahi ma waho o ka hale. I kēia manawa, ke makaʻala nui nei kekahi mau ʻāina Hikina Waena.

I ke alo ʻana i ia ʻano kūlana geopolitical paʻakikī, he nīnau koʻikoʻi a wikiwiki hoʻi e kū nei i nā ʻoihana āpau e hele ana i nā ʻāina ʻē: ʻo ia hoʻi Ka Mālama ʻIkehu hiki ke ola ma ka Hikina Waena?

1. ʻO ka ulu "piʻi" o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka Hikina Waena
Inā ʻoe e nānā wale i ka ʻikepili, e ʻike ʻoe i kahi mākeke e ulu nui ana e kūʻē loa ana i ka uahi o ke kaua.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka CESA Energy Storage Application Branch, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2025, ua loaʻa i nā ʻoihana mālama ikehu Kina he 40.06 GWh o ka laulima a me nā kauoha ma ka mākeke Hikina Waena, e helu ana i 18.66% o ka huina o nā kauoha ma waho i ka manawa like, e lilo ana ia i hoʻokahi o nā mākeke ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike pū nā helu helu ʻoihana i ka makahiki 2025, ua ʻike ka Hikina Waena i ka huina o 41.7 GWh o nā kauoha/laulima hou ma waho, he piʻi makahiki-ma-makahiki o 83.7%, e helu ana i 12% o ka māhele mākeke honua a paʻa paʻa i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekini ulu nui ʻehā.

Mai ka makahiki i hala a hiki i kēia makahiki, ua loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻoihana mālama ikehu nā kauoha nui a me ka laulima ʻana ma ka Hikina Waena.

Ma ka lā 24 o ʻOkakopa, 2025, ka hoʻokūkū mua loa o ka honua no nā ʻano ʻino āpau. Ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu Lā ʻO ka papahana, i hoʻomohala like ʻia e Masdar lāua ʻo Emirates Water and Electricity Company, ua hoʻomaka kūhelu i ke kahua ma Abu Dhabi.

ʻO ka huina kālā o ka papahana he ʻoi aku ma mua o 22 biliona dirhams (ma kahi o US$6 biliona) a e kūkulu i kahi 5.2 GW. Photovoltaic o ka lā hale hana mana, i lako me kahi 19 GWIkehu Pākahi ʻōnaehana mālamaʻO kēia ka mea nui loa o ka honua i kēia manawa ka mālama ʻana i ka lā a me ka ikehu papahana i hui pū ʻia ma ka ʻāpana pono hana, hiki ke hāʻawi i 1 gigawatt o ka mana kumu 24/7 ma hope o ka pau ʻana.

Ke alakaʻi nei nā mea hoʻolako Kina i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako koʻikoʻi, me CATL i koho ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hoʻolako makemake ʻia no kāna ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu, e hāʻawi ana i 19 GWh o nā hoʻonā mālama ikehu pākahiko. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā papahana mālama ikehu nui a CATL ma nā mākeke o waho a he holomua koʻikoʻi no kāna ʻoihana mālama ikehu ma ka Hikina Waena.

I Ianuali o kēia makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia e kūkulu ʻo Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. i ka hale hana hana Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) mua ma ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika ma ka ʻāpana TEDA ʻAigupita o Sokhna, ʻAigupita, i loko o ka Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZONE). E uhi ka hale hana i 50,000 mika kuea, me kahi mana hana makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he 10 gigawatt-hola, a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka ka hana i ʻApelila 2027.

Ma Pepeluali 3, ua kau inoa ʻo Chuneng New Energy i kahi ʻaelike laulima koʻikoʻi ma ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu me Al Rajhi Electrical lāua ʻo GREENGRID ma Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Wahi a ka ʻaelike, i loko o nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, e hoʻolako ʻo Chuneng iā Al Rajhi Electrical me ka huina o 5.5 GWh o nā huahana mālama ikehu no ka hana kūloko a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana ma ka mākeke Hikina Waena.

Ma ke ʻano he hoa hana koʻikoʻi mua o Al Rajhi Electrical ma ke kahua mālama ikehu, e hāʻawi ʻo Chuneng New Energy iā Al Rajhi Electrical i nā huahana mālama ikehu holomua a me ke kākoʻo loea piha no ke kūkulu ʻana i kāna hale hana kūloko ma Saudi Arabia.

I kēia manawa, ke ʻike nei ka ʻāina Hikina Waena, i hōʻike ʻia e ka UAE a me Saudi Arabia, i kahi "heihei mālama ikehu" ikaika.

Wahi a ka ʻike mai ka ʻEmepaea o ka Repubalika o Kina ma Saudi Arabia, hoʻolālā ʻo Saudi Arabia e hoʻokō i kahi pahuhopu mālama ikehu 48 GWh ma ka makahiki 2030; e like me ka "Middle East Energy Policy Dividend: UAE Energy Storage Market Access Guide," ʻo ka pae hoʻohālikelike o ka mālama ikehu o ka UAE ma ka makahiki 2030 he 6 GWh.

Wahi a nā helu helu pili, i ka hapa mua o 2025, ʻo nā kauoha no ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ka ikehu mai ka Hikina Waena ua helu ʻia e like me 23.4%, e kūlana ana ma waena o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mākeke honua.

Mai kēia ʻikepili, ʻo ka Hikina Waena ke kahua kaua nui i kēia manawa kahi e kūpono ai nā ʻoihana mālama ikehu Kina e hoʻokō i kahi hopena "hoʻololi pāʻani" a hoʻokumu i nā kūlana.

2. Ke kūpaʻa ʻole a me nā pono a me nā hemahema o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2026 i ka pilikia o ke kaua e kau ana i ke aka ma luna o kēia "ʻoihana maikaʻi." He aha ke ʻano o ka pani ʻana o ka lewa a me nā hoʻouka kaua awa? ʻO ia hoʻi nā pōʻaiapuni hoʻouna lako i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia no ka manawa pau ʻole, ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai aku, a me nā hoʻihoʻi papahana maopopo ʻole.

No laila, he mea kūpono anei ke hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka Hikina Waena?

ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻolilo ka hakakā i ka pūnaewele mana i mea palupalu. Inā paha he aupuni e kūkulu hou ana i ka pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻoihana a me nā ʻohana e ʻimi nei i ka mālama ponoʻī, e hoʻokumu ia i ka koi nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. Ma mua, ua wānana ke Kuhina Uila o Iraqi i ka hemahema o ke koi uila he 44% i ke kauwela o 2025, kahi hakahaka e hoʻonui wale ʻia ma lalo o ke aka o ke kaua.

ʻO ka lua, mai kahi kuanaʻike lōʻihi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano hoʻokūkū ma ka Hikina Waena. E hoʻopau ka hopohopo i nā mea kūʻai aku he nui a me nā mea hana liʻiliʻi me ka ikaika lawa ʻole. ʻO ka mea e koe, ʻo ia nā hui alakaʻi me ke kapikala ikaika, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hiki ke hoʻohui i ke kaulahao lako ikaika. E alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke e neʻe ana mai nā kaua kumukūʻai a hoʻi i ka waiwai o ka huahana ponoʻī.

I ka manawa like, e hoʻololi hou ka paʻa ʻole no ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa kālā, e hoʻonui loa ana i ka pilikia ma ka Hikina Waena. ʻO nā ʻoihana e hoʻokō pono ana a mālama i kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana e loaʻa iā lākou ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o nā mea ma nā mākeke maluhia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia pū nā pilikia a me nā manawa kūpono.

ʻO ka mea mua a me ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka moeʻuhane ʻino o ka lawe ʻana. ʻO ka pilikia o ke Kai ʻUlaʻula, ka pani ʻana o ke awa, a me ka pani ʻana o ka lewa e hoʻonui ai i nā kumukūʻai logistics a me nā manawa lawe hiki ʻole ke wānana ʻia, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i nā ʻoihana mālama ikehu e hoʻonui ana i nā ʻāina ʻē. No nā papahana nui e makemake ana i ka pilina pūnaewele kūpono, he mea make maoli kēia.

Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pae palekana o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka pilikia o ka hōʻino kino ma nā wahi i maʻalahi i ka paʻa ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. He koʻikoʻi loa nā ʻoihana ʻinikua i ka ʻinikua ʻana i nā waiwai ma nā wahi hakakā, e hoʻonui ana i ka paʻakikī o ke kālā kālā papahana.

Eia kekahi, e kū ana ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu he hana hoʻokahi wale nō; ʻo kona ola he 15-20 mau makahiki e pono ai ka mālama mau ʻana. Ma ka Hikina Waena, kahi e kū mau ai ka hakakā, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ʻenekinia i ke kahua no ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole ia he pilikia kumukūʻai wale nō akā he mea hoʻi no ka palekana pilikino. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lawelawe lōʻihi he 15 mau makahiki like ma ka Hikina Waena e koi paha i nā manawa he nui o ke kumukūʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ʻEulopa a i ʻole ʻAsia Hikina Hema.

3. 2026, Ma hea e hele ai ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu o ka Hikina Waena?

Ke kū nei ma kahi hoʻomaka o 2026, ua mākaukau ka mākeke mālama ikehu o ka Hikina Waena no nā loli kūkulu koʻikoʻi.

Ma hope o ke kaua o kēia manawa, e hoʻolalelale ke kapikala a me nā papahana i ko lākou kau ʻana ma nā wahi palekana. ʻO nā ʻāina me ka politika paʻa a me nā ʻoihana i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, e like me Abu Dhabi ma ka UAE a me Saudi Arabia, e hoʻomau lākou i nā wahi i makemake ʻia no ke kapikala a me nā papahana nui. ʻOiai he nui ka makemake o nā wahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe e like me Iraq, Yemen, a me Iran, akā, e akahele mau ana ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma kēia mau wahi.

Ma mua o 2025, lawelawe nui ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu Hikina Waena i ka ʻoki nui ʻana no nā pūnaewele mana nui a ikehu hou hoʻohui ʻana o ka grid. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 2026, me ke kūlana paʻakikī, ʻo nā microgrids decentralized a me ka mālama ikehu kalepa a me nā ʻoihana kūʻokoʻa e ʻike paha i ka ulu pahū. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana microgrid "photovoltaic-storage" kūʻokoʻa no nā ʻelele, nā lālā hui multinational, nā hōkele kiʻekiʻe, nā haukapila, a me nā kikowaena ʻikepili e lilo paha i ʻāpana mākeke pahū loa i ka makahiki 2026.

I ka manawa like, ke koi nei ke kaiapuni i piha i nā hakakā i nā hoʻonui ʻenehana. ʻAʻole e koi hou nā ʻoihana i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni no nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu, akā, ʻo nā hiki palekana koʻikoʻi hoʻi, ka hoʻolālā hana a me ka mālama maʻalahi, a me ka hoʻokele ikehu akamai.

No ka Hikina Waena, e mau ana ka ikaika o ke koi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, no nā ʻoihana mālama ikehu e hele ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​​​pilikia e noʻonoʻo ai.